Aloysius
Stepinac came from a peasant family, born in Brezani near Krasic on May 8,
1898. He was the eighth out of twelve children, and his mother always prayed
that he might one day become a priest. In 1916, Stepinac was conscripted into
the Austro-Hungarian army and fought on the Italian front until he was taken
prisoner. In 1919 he returned to civilian life and entered the University of
Zagreb to study agriculture. Stepinac decided to become a priest in 1924 and
was sent to Rome to prepare, and was ordained six years later on October 26,
1930.
He returned to Zagreb in July 1931 with
the degrees of Doctor of Theology and Philosophy. Soon afterwards, Stepinac was
chosen to become secretary to Archbishop Antun Bauer. On June 24, 1934 he was
nominated as coadjutor to the Archbishop of Zagreb. After this nomination,
Stepinac stated: "I love my Croatian people and for their benefit I am
ready to give everything, as well as I am ready to give everything for the
Catholic Church." After Bauer's death on December 7, 1937 Stepinac became
the Archbishop of Zagreb.
During the Second World War, Stepinac
never turned his back on refugees, or the prosecuted. His door was always open
not only for Croatians, but also Jews, Serbs and Slovenes that needed his help.
Stepinac always stood for political freedom and fundamental rights, and he
always advocated the rights of the Croatian people. Stepinac wanted Croatia to
be a country of God.
In May of 1943, he openly criticized the
Nazis, and as a result, the Germans and Italians demanded that he be removed
from office. Pope Pious XII refused, and warned Stepinac that his life was in
danger. In July of 1943, the BBC and the Voice of America began to broadcast
Stepinac's sermons to occupied Europe, and the BBC commented on Stepinac's
criticism of the Ustasha regime.
At the end of the war, Stepinac was found
guilty of Nazi collaboration at a mock trial, and was convicted and sentenced
sixteen years' hard labor on October 11, 1946. At his trial when his life was
on the line, Stepinac asked his communist prosecutors: "...every nation
has the right to independence, then why should it be denied to the
Croatians?" He spent five years in the prison of Lepoglava, and in 1951,
Tito's government released him and confined him to the village of Krasic.
Even though the government forbade him to
resume his duties, Pope Pius XII named Stepinac Cardinal on January 12, 1953.
Due to pain caused by the many illnesses he contracted while imprisoned,
Cardinal Stepinac died in Krasic on February 10, 1960. On February 13th, he was
buried behind the main altar in the cathedral in Zagreb. Pope Pious XII stated,
"This Croatian Cardinal is the most important priest of the Catholic
Church".
In
1985, his trial prosecutor Jakov Blazevic admitted public ally that Cardinal
Stepinac's trial was entirely framed, and that Stepinac was tried only because
he refused to sever thousand year old ties between Croatians and the Roman
Catholic Church. Cardinal Spellman commented on Stepinac by stating that:
"the only thing Cardinal Stepinac is guilty of was his love for God and
his homeland". On October 3, 1998 in Maria Beatrice, Pope John Paul II
beatified Cardinal Stepinac, and referred to him as one of the outstanding
figures of the Catholic Church. Even though Serbs seriously opposed the
beatification of Cardinal Stepinac, Ljubomir Rankovic, Deacon of the Serbian
Orthodox Church supported the beatification: "...I, as a person and a
priest, wish to express my admiration for this move." There were also
prominent members of the Jewish community who testified to the generosity of
aid Stepinac provided during the war.
Without a doubt, Blessed Cardinal
Aloysius Stepinac is one of the greatest Croatian patriots of the 20th century.
He spent his entire life serving God and the Croatian people, demonstrating the
importance of faith, charity and virtue.