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| In-Text Citatation
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Every time you refer to someone else's work in your papers and projects, you should use in-text (parenthetical) citation. Remember, your citation should come directly after your use of the other person's idea.
The following in-text citations are some of the most common citations you will use at ASHS. If you do not see your type of work below, ask for help.
Always follow your teacher's directions for formatting.
Books
Book with One Author
Your sentence (Author's Last Name Page #).
OR
Author's Last Name wrote The Rest of Your Sentence (Page #).
Ex. MLA is not very difficult once you have the hang of it (Hooper 2).
Hooper says MLA is not very difficult once you have the hang of it (2).
Book with Two Authors
Your sentence (Author #1's Last Name and Author #2's Last Name Page #).
OR
Author #1's Last Name and Author #2's Last name say The Rest of Your Sentence (Page #).
Ex. MLA is not very difficult once you have the hang of it (Hooper and Smith 2).
OR
Hooper and Smith wrote MLA is not very difficult once you have the hang of it (2).
Book with No Page Numbers
Include the author's name and the title of the work into your sentence.
Ex. Hooper's MLA for Everyone indicates MLA is easy once you have the hang of it.
Web Sites
Whole Site with Author
Just like a book, name the author and the title of the site in the sentence.
Ex. Hooper's MLA for Me gave specific examples such as how to cite a web site.
Web Page with Author
Include the name of the author and the name of the web page in the sentence.
Ex. Hooper's "MLA is Easy" stated citation can even be fun.
Web Page without Author
When you must use a web page without a known author, use the title of the page or a shortened form of title of the page. Place the page title in quotation marks then inside parentheses.
Ex. MLA citation is not very difficult once you have the hang of it ("MLA for All").
Web Page with Corporate Author
Writing the company/institution's name in your sentence is preferred over putting it on the citation at the end of the sentence. Put the name of the page (or the short version) in quotation marks and inside parentheses at the end of the sentence.
The Walter J. Mahoney Library reports MLA citation is not very difficult once you have the hang of it ("MLA for All").
Magazines & Newspapers
Periodical with Page Numbers
Include the author's last name and the page number just as you would for a book.
Ex. Hooper writes MLA formatting can be mastered with practice (5).
OR
MLA formatting can be mastered with practice (Hooper 5).
Periodical with No Page Numbers
Include the author's name into the sentence.
Ex. Hooper suggests MLA formatting can be mastered with practice.
Images
Librarian recommendation: take you own pictures and design your own images when possible.
Both the image and where you got it should be cited. Immediately after you insert the image, give the image a figure number. Give the title of the work (underlined) followed by the date it was painted, taken, designed, etc. Then indicate the owner of the work.
Images from Web Sites
Ex. IMAGE
Fig. 2. Creator's name. Image name. Date. Owner's name. Date of access <URL>.
Images from Print Sources
Both the information for the image and the information for the print source must be included.
Ex. IMAGE
Fig. 3. Creator's name. Image name. Date. Owner of the image. Book title. By authors name. City: Publisher, date. page # or plate #.
Images from a Personal Collection
When using images you have taken yourself, give the image a figure number, describe the image (no underlining or italics). Name the person who took the photo then the date the picture was taken.
Ex. IMAGE
Fig. 2. Books on a table, Archbishop Stepinac High School. Personal photograph taken by author. 15 Jan. 2008.
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